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Atmosphere & Drag ProfileREAL-TIME

Cross-section of Earth’s drag environment from the surface to GEO — live NOAA F10.7/Ap driven.

10,000 km2,000 km1,200 km800 km550 km400 km300 km200 km100 kmGEO35,786 kmGalileo23,222 kmGPS20,200 kmGLONASS19,130 kmGlobalstar1,414 kmOneWeb1,200 kmTypical SSO800 kmIridium780 kmAmazon Kuiper630 kmStarlink550 kmISS408 kmKármán line100 kmReentry zone80 km
Constellations
Units

Density vs Altitude log scale

10⁻¹⁶10⁻¹⁴10⁻¹²10⁻¹⁰10⁻⁸10⁻⁶10⁻⁴10⁻²10⁰02004006008001,0001,2001,4001,6001,8002,000Altitude (km)ISS — 408 km, ρ=4.1e-12 kg/m³ISSStarlink — 550 km, ρ=4.1e-13 kg/m³StarlinkAmazon Kuiper — 630 km, ρ=1.2e-13 kg/m³Amazon KuiperIridium — 780 km, ρ=1.9e-14 kg/m³IridiumTypical SSO — 800 km, ρ=1.5e-14 kg/m³Typical SSOOneWeb — 1,200 km, ρ=1.8e-15 kg/m³OneWebGlobalstar — 1,414 km, ρ=8.2e-16 kg/m³Globalstar

Data: NOAA SWPC (F10.7, Kp, Ap, solar wind) · CelesTrak. Model: piecewise-exponential atmosphere with solar-activity scaling, globally averaged (no day/night term — switch to NRLMSISE-00 for the diurnal bulge). Ring spacing is log-compressed so LEO and GEO fit one canvas. Lifetime & drag figures are educational estimates — not for operational use.